Datetime
Times
import datetime as dt
t = dt.time(1, 2, 3)
print(t)
print('hour :', t.hour)
print('minute :', t.minute)
print('second :', t.second)
print('microsecond:', t.microsecond)
print('tzinfo :', t.tzinfo)
01:02:03
hour : 1
minute : 2
second : 3
microsecond: 0
tzinfo : None
import datetime as dt
print('Earliest :', dt.time.min)
print('Latest :', dt.time.max)
print('Resolution:', dt.time.resolution)
Earliest : 00:00:00
Latest : 23:59:59.999999
Resolution: 0:00:00.000001
Dates
import datetime as dt
today = dt.date.today()
print(today)
print('ctime :', today.ctime())
tt = today.timetuple()
print('tuple : tm_year =', tt.tm_year)
print(' tm_mon =', tt.tm_mon)
print(' tm_mday =', tt.tm_mday)
print(' tm_hour =', tt.tm_hour)
print(' tm_min =', tt.tm_min)
print(' tm_sec =', tt.tm_sec)
print(' tm_wday =', tt.tm_wday) # [0,6]の間の数、月曜が 0
print(' tm_yday =', tt.tm_yday)
print(' tm_isdst =', tt.tm_isdst) # 夏時間であるかどうか
print('Year :', today.year)
print('Mon :', today.month)
print('Day :', today.day)
2020-11-08
ctime : Sun Nov 8 00:00:00 2020
tuple : tm_year = 2020
tm_mon = 11
tm_mday = 8
tm_hour = 0
tm_min = 0
tm_sec = 0
tm_wday = 6
tm_yday = 313
tm_isdst = -1
Year : 2020
Mon : 11
Day : 8
import datetime as dt
import time
t = time.time()
print('timestamp :', t)
print('fromtimestamp(t):', dt.date.fromtimestamp(t))
timestamp : 1604822120.369205
fromtimestamp(t): 2020-11-08
import datetime as dt
print('Earliest :', dt.date.min)
print('Latest :', dt.date.max)
print('Resolution:', dt.date.resolution)
Earliest : 0001-01-01
Latest : 9999-12-31
Resolution: 1 day, 0:00:00
import datetime as dt
d1 = dt.date(2008, 8, 8)
print('d1:', d1.ctime())
d2 = d1.replace(year=2020)
print('d2:', d2.ctime())
d1: Fri Aug 8 00:00:00 2008
d2: Sat Aug 8 00:00:00 2020
timedeltas
import datetime as dt
print('microseconds:', dt.timedelta(microseconds=1))
print('milliseconds:', dt.timedelta(milliseconds=1))
print('seconds :', dt.timedelta(seconds=1))
print('minutes :', dt.timedelta(minutes=1))
print('hours :', dt.timedelta(hours=1))
print('days :', dt.timedelta(days=1))
print('weeks :', dt.timedelta(weeks=1))
microseconds: 0:00:00.000001
milliseconds: 0:00:00.001000
seconds : 0:00:01
minutes : 0:01:00
hours : 1:00:00
days : 1 day, 0:00:00
weeks : 7 days, 0:00:00
import datetime as dt
for delta in [dt.timedelta(microseconds=1),
dt.timedelta(milliseconds=1),
dt.timedelta(seconds=1),
dt.timedelta(minutes=1),
dt.timedelta(hours=1),
dt.timedelta(days=1),
dt.timedelta(weeks=1),
]:
print(f'{str(delta):15} = {delta.total_seconds():8} seconds')
0:00:00.000001 = 1e-06 seconds
0:00:00.001000 = 0.001 seconds
0:00:01 = 1.0 seconds
0:01:00 = 60.0 seconds
1:00:00 = 3600.0 seconds
1 day, 0:00:00 = 86400.0 seconds
7 days, 0:00:00 = 604800.0 seconds
日付計算
import datetime as dt
today = dt.date.today()
print('Today :', today)
one_day = dt.timedelta(days=1)
print('One day :', one_day)
yesterday = today - one_day
print('Yesterday:', yesterday)
tomorrow = today + one_day
print('Tomorrow :', tomorrow)
print()
print('tomorrow - yesterday:', tomorrow - yesterday)
print('yesterday - tomorrow:', yesterday - tomorrow)
Today : 2020-11-08
One day : 1 day, 0:00:00
Yesterday: 2020-11-07
Tomorrow : 2020-11-09
tomorrow - yesterday: 2 days, 0:00:00
yesterday - tomorrow: -2 days, 0:00:00
import datetime as dt
one_day = dt.timedelta(days=1)
print('1 day :', one_day)
print('5 days :', one_day * 5)
print('1.5 days :', one_day * 1.5)
print('1/4 day :', one_day / 4)
1 day : 1 day, 0:00:00
5 days : 5 days, 0:00:00
1.5 days : 1 day, 12:00:00
1/4 day : 6:00:00
比較
import datetime as dt
print('Times:')
t1 = dt.time(12, 55, 0)
print(' t1:', t1)
t2 = dt.time(13, 5, 0)
print(' t2:', t2)
print(' t1 < t2:', t1 < t2)
print()
print('Dates:')
d1 = dt.date.today()
print(' d1:', d1)
d2 = dt.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
print(' d2:', d2)
print(' d1 > d2:', d1 > d2)
Times:
t1: 12:55:00
t2: 13:05:00
t1 < t2: True
Dates:
d1: 2020-11-08
d2: 2020-11-09
d1 > d2: False
日付と時間を結合
import datetime as dt
print('Now :', dt.datetime.now())
print('Today :', dt.datetime.today())
print('UTC Now:', dt.datetime.utcnow()) # 9時間の差
print()
FIELDS = [
'year', 'month', 'day',
'hour', 'minute', 'second',
'microsecond',
]
d = dt.datetime.now()
for attr in FIELDS:
print(f'{attr:15}: {getattr(d, attr)}')
Now : 2020-11-08 17:09:54.786659
Today : 2020-11-08 17:09:54.786994
UTC Now: 2020-11-08 08:09:54.787114
year : 2020
month : 11
day : 8
hour : 17
minute : 9
second : 54
microsecond : 787375
import datetime as dt
time = dt.time(1, 2, 3)
print('time :', time)
date = dt.date.today()
print('date :', date)
datetime = dt.datetime.combine(date, time)
print('datetime:', datetime)
time : 01:02:03
date : 2020-11-08
datetime: 2020-11-08 01:02:03
書式化と解析
import datetime as dt
format = "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"
today = dt.datetime.today()
print('ISO :', today)
s = today.strftime(format)
print('strftime:', s)
d = dt.datetime.strptime(s, format)
print('strptime:', d.strftime(format))
ISO : 2020-11-08 17:18:45.292055
strftime: Sun Nov 08 17:18:45 2020
strptime: Sun Nov 08 17:18:45 2020
書式コード
- %d : 0埋めした10進数で表記した月中の日にち
- %m : 0埋めした10進数で表記した月
- %y : 0埋めした10進数で表記した西暦の下2桁
- %Y : 0埋めした10進数で表記した西暦4桁
- %H : 0埋めした10進数で表記した時 （24時間表記）
- %I : 0埋めした10進数で表記した時 （12時間表記）
- %M : 0埋めした10進数で表記した分
- %S : 0埋めした10進数で表記した秒
- %f : 0埋めした10進数で表記したマイクロ秒（6桁）
- %A : ロケールの曜日名
- %a : ロケールの曜日名（短縮形）
- %B : ロケールの月名
- %b : ロケールの月名（短縮形）
- %j : 0埋めした10進数で表記した年中の日にち（正月が'001'）
- %U : 0埋めした10進数で表記した年中の週番号 （週の始まりは日曜日）
- %W : 0埋めした10進数で表記した年中の週番号 （週の始まりは月曜日）